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PREPARING YOUR CHILD FOR COLLEGE A Resource Book for Parents

A NOTE TO PARENTS

It's never too early to think about college -- about the
benefits of a college education and about ways to put college
within reach academically and financially. Throughout their
school years, students make academic and other decisions that
affect whether they will be eligible to enter college.
You -- working with others -- can help your child make these
decisions wisely.
This resource book is designed to help you with that
process. It will help you work with your child and with your
child's teachers and guidance counselors, to ensure that he or
she has the option of going to college. It will help your child
to prepare academically for the rigors of college, and it will
help you to plan financially for the costs of a college
education. A good academic record on your child's part and
sound financial planning on your part will help ensure a menu
of opportunities when the time comes to decide about college.
Although this book was written primarily as a long-term
planning guide for parents, guidance counselors and teachers
will also find it useful and informative.

This book will help you to

-- Set high expectations for your child's future;
-- Know what college options are available;
-- Plan your finances with college in mind; and
-- Know what financial assistance your child may be eligible
to receive.
To ensure that today's students will be able to live,
work, and compete in the 21st century, the U.S. Department of
Education and the Nation's governors set a direction for the
Nation by establishing six national education goals. In brief,
the goals state that by the year 2000
* All children in America will start school ready to learn;

* The high school graduation rate will improve to at least
90 percent;
* All children will be competent in at least English,
mathematics, science, history, and geography;

* American students will be first in the world in science
and mathematics;
* Adult Americans will be literate and have the skills
necessary to compete in a world economy;

* And every school in America will be free of drugs and
violence.
As we turn from a "Nation at Risk" to a "Nation on the
Move" we must assure that our children and youth are prepared
to meet the challenge of the world economy, the obligation of
civic responsibility, and the responsibility of attaining the
national education goals.
Attaining the national education goals depends greatly on
the efforts of the entire community, but especially you, the
parents of our children. In helping your child succeed in high
school and aim for college, you're also helping our Nation
produce informed citizens and a competitive work force for the
next decade and beyond.
Richard W. Riley
U.S. Secretary of Education

PREPARING YOUR CHILD FOR COLLEGE

I. General Questions About College
Why attend college?
What types of colleges exist?
What kinds of jobs are available to college graduates?
II. Preparing for College
What can my child do to prepare academically for college?
What can my child do outside the classroom to prepare for
college?
III. Choosing a College
How can my child go about choosing a college?
IV. Financing a College Education
How much does a college education cost?
How can I afford to send my child to college?
What are the most common sources of financial aid?
Is my child eligible for financial aid? If so, how much ?
Are there other ways to keep the cost of college down?
V. Long-Range Planning
How do I set up a long-range plan?
VI. Important Terms
What terms do I need to understand?
VII. Other Sources of Information
Where can I get more information on the topics discussed
in this handbook?
Exercises and Checklists for You and Your Child

Help Your Child Think About a Career
Course Planner for Parent and Student
College Inquiries
College Preparation Checklist for Students
Financial Preparation Checklist for Parents
Charts

Chart 1: Examples of Jobs Requiring College Preparation
Chart 2: High School Courses Recommended for a Four-Year
College
Chart 3: Questions To Ask Guidance Counselors
Chart 4: Distribution of College Students by the Amount of
Tuition and Fees Charged
Chart 5: Typical College
Chart 6: Average Tuition and Fees By Type of College,
School Year 1991-1992
Chart 7: Amount You Would Need To Save To Have $10,000
Available When Your Child Begins College
Chart 8: Examples of Savings Instruments and Investments
Chart 9: How Much Need-Based Financial Aid Can My Child
Get?
Chart 10: Military Postsecondary Education Opportunities

Why attend college?

A college degree can provide your child with many
opportunities in life. A college education can mean:

Greater Knowledge

A college education will increase your child's ability to
understand developments in science and in society, to think
abstractly and critically, to express thoughts clearly in
speech and in writing, and to make wise decisions. These skills
are useful both on and off the job.

Greater Potential

A college education can help increase your child's
understanding of the community, the Nation, and the world--as
he or she explores interests, discovers new areas of knowledge,
considers lifelong goals, and becomes a responsible citizen.

More Job Opportunities

The world is changing rapidly. Many jobs rely on new
technology and already require more brain power than muscle
power. In your child's working life, more and more jobs will
require education beyond high school. With a college education,
your child will have more jobs from which to choose.

More Money

A person who attends college generally earns more than a
person who does not.
For example, in 1989, a person with a college degree from
a four-year college earned approximately $10,000 more in that
year than a person who did not go to college. With a college
education, your child can earn higher pay.
Some of these benefits of college may not be obvious to
your child. Even though he or she has to make the final
decision to attend college, you can help in the decision-making
process by learning about all aspects of college yourself and
sharing what you learn with your child.

What types of colleges* exist?

* Throughout this document, the term "college" is used to
refer to all collegiate institutions--both colleges and
universities.
More than half of all recent high school graduates in the
United States have had some type of postsecondary education. In
many other countries, a smaller percentage of students go on
for more schooling after high school. One reason so many U.S.
students seek postsecondary education is that American students
have a wide choice of colleges to consider. For this reason,
your child is likely to find a college well-suited to his or
her needs.
There are two basic types of colleges that offer academic
programs:

Two-Year Colleges

These schools offer two-year programs leading to a
certificate, an associate of arts (A.A.) degree, an associate
of science (A.S.) degree, or an associate of applied science
(A.A.S.) degree.

Four-Year Colleges and Universities

These schools usually offer a bachelor of arts (B.A.) or
bachelor of science (B.S.) degree. Some also offer graduate and
professional degrees.

Two-Year Colleges

For students who want a practical education aimed at a
specific career in such areas as bookkeeping, dental hygiene,
etc., a two-year program is probably the answer. In many cases,
two-year degrees can be transferred to four-year schools and
credited toward a B.A. or B.S. degree. Two-year programs vary
from school to school, but, in general, are offered by:
Junior Colleges: These are generally private institutions,
some of which are residential and attended by students who
may come from other parts of the country; and
Community Colleges: These are public institutions, mostly
serving people from nearby communities. Public
institutions are supported by state and local revenues.
Many junior and community colleges offer
technical/vocational training, as well as academic courses.
Many offer such programs in cooperation with local businesses,
industry, public service agencies, or other organizations.
Two-year colleges often operate under an "open admissions"
policy, which can vary from school to school. At some
institutions, "open admissions" means that anyone who has a
high school diploma or GED certificate can enroll. At other
schools, anyone over 18 years of age can enroll or, in some
cases, anyone deemed able to benefit from the programs at the
schools can enroll.

Application requirements at some two-year colleges may
include a high school transcript--a list of all the courses
your child took and grades earned in four years of high
school--and college entrance examination scores as well. Some
schools have programs that allow "open admissions," while other
programs in the same school--particularly in scientific or
technical subjects--may have further admission requirements.
Since requirements vary widely, it is important to check into
schools and programs individually.

Four-Year Colleges and Universities

Students who wish to pursue a general academic program
usually choose a four-year college or university. Such a
program lays the foundation for more advanced studies and
professional work. Four-year colleges and universities offer
bachelor's degrees (the B.A. and B.S.)in most areas in the arts
and sciences, such as English literature, foreign languages,
history, economics, political science, biology, zoology,
chemistry, and in many other fields.
Here are the main differences between four-year colleges
and universities:
Four-Year Colleges: These are postsecondary schools that
provide four-year educational programs in the arts and
sciences. These colleges confer bachelor"s degrees.
Universities: These are postsecondary schools that include
a college of arts and/or sciences, one or more programs of
graduate studies, and one or more professional schools.
Universities confer bachelor's degrees and graduate and
professional degrees.
When a student earns a bachelor's degree it means that he
or she has passed examinations in a broad range of courses and
has studied one or two subject areas in greater depth. (These
one or two subject areas are called a student's "major" area(s)
of study or area(s) of "concentration.") A bachelor's degree is
usually required before a student can begin studying for a
graduate degree. A graduate degree is usually earned through
two or more years of advanced studies beyond four years of
college. This might be a master's or a doctoral degree in a
particular field or a specialized degree required in certain
professions such as law, social work, architecture, or
medicine.

What kinds of jobs are available to college graduates?

Certificates and degrees earned by graduates of two- and
four-year colleges or universities usually lead to different
kinds of professional opportunities. Many professions require
graduate degrees beyond the traditional four-year degree, such
as a medical degree or a law degree. For example:
A course of study in bookkeeping at a community college
generally prepares a student for a Job as a bookkeeper.
A four-year degree in economics may prepare a student for
any one of several Jobs in a bank or a business.
A four-year degree in English may serve as background for
getting teacher certification in the subject or for being
an editor with a magazine.
In Chart 1 below there is a partial listing of different
occupations and the educational background generally required
for each. Some people who go on to acquire Jobs in the
four-year-college column obtain a graduate degree or some
graduate education, but many of these Jobs can be filled by
people who do not have more than a four-year college education.
For more information on the educational requirements of specific
jobs, contact a guidance counselor or check the Occupational
Outlook Handbook in your library. (See the last section of this
handbook for information on this book arid other publications
that discuss jobs.)

CHART I

Examples of Jobs Requiring College Preparation

Two-Year College
(Associate's Degree)

Electrician
Drafter
Dental Hygienist
Emergency Medical Technician
Computer Service Technician
Bookkeeper
Commercial Artist
Film Technician
Medical Illustrator

Four-Year College
(Bachelor's Degree)

Accountant
Teacher
Registered Nurse
Engineer
Journalist
Diplomat
Insurance Agent

More Than Four
Years of College
(Various Graduate
Degrees Required)

Lawyer
Doctor
Architect
Scientist
University Professor
Economist
Psychologist
Sociologist
Dentist

EXERCISE

Help Your Child Think About a Career

Step 1:

Using the form on the next page, sit down with your child
and make a list of jobs that sound interesting. It may help to
first think about friends or people you've read about or have
seen on television who have interesting jobs. List those jobs
in the left-hand column. If your child cannot think of
interesting jobs, have him or her list subject areas of
interest. Then try to help your child identify jobs in those
subject areas. Depending on the job, there may be courses in
middle school or high school that will give your child a
preview of the type of knowledge that is needed for the
particular job. In the right-hand "Education" column, write
down the level of education required for the job and any high
school or college courses that may help your child prepare for
such a career.

Step 2:

Take the form to your local library and, with the help of
a reference librarian, locate books on some of the careers your
child has selected. Libraries usually have directories that
list career requirements. It is not a problem if your child
does not know what career path he/she wants to follow; his or
her focus during these years should be on doing well in school.
(SEE FORM ON NEXT PAGE.)
[Form Omitted]
What can my child do to prepare academically for college?

To prepare for college, there is no substitute for your
child getting a solid academic education. This means your child
should take challenging courses in academic subjects and
maintain good grades in high school. Your child's transcript
will be an important part of his or her college application.
A college education builds on the knowledge and skills
acquired in earlier years. It is best for your child to start
planning a high school course schedule early, in the seventh or
eighth grade. Students who don't think ahead may have
difficulty completing all the required or recommended courses
that will help them qualify for college.
Most selective colleges (those with the highest admissions
requirements) prefer to admit students who have taken courses
in certain subject areas. For example, many colleges prefer
that high school students take algebra, geometry, or some other
type of specialized math, rather than general math. Some
colleges prefer three or four years of a foreign language. Your
child's guidance counselor can help your child determine the
high school courses required or preferred by different types of
colleges. If your child is interested in specific colleges, he
or she can contact those schools and ask about their admissions
requirements.
Your child should take courses in at least these core
areas:
-- English
-- mathematics
-- science
-- history and geography
A foreign language and computer science are also highly
recommended.
Chart 2 lists the high school courses that many higher
education associations and guidance counselors recommend for a
college-bound student. These courses are especially recommended
to students who want to attend a four-year college. Even if
your child is interested in attending a two-year college, he or
she should take most of these courses since they provide the
preparation necessary for all kinds of postsecondary education.
If your child is interested in pursuing a vocational
program in a two-year college, he or she may want to supplement
or substitute some of the courses listed in the chart with some
vocational or technical courses in his or her field of
interest. Your child should take at least the suggested courses
in the core areas of English, math, science, history, and
geography.
Traditional English courses such as American and English
literature will help students improve their writing skills,
reading comprehension, and vocabulary. History and geography
will help your child better understand our society as well as
societies around the world.
Mathematical and scientific concepts and skills learned in
math classes are used in many disciplines outside of these
courses. A recent study showed that students who take algebra
and geometry in high school are much more likely to go on to
college than students who do not. Algebra and geometry are also
essential preparation for the college entrance examinations--the
SAT (Scholastic Aptitude Test) or the ACT Assessment.
These tests measure a student's aptitude in mathematical
and verbal comprehension and problem solving. Students applying
to colleges in the East and West usually take the SAT exam.
Students applying to schools in the South and Midwest often
take the ACT. (However, students should check the admission
requirements at each school to which they are applying.)
Usually, the tests are offered in the Junior and senior years
of high school and can be taken more than once if a student
wishes to try to improve his or her score. Students can get
books at libraries or bookstores to help them to prepare for
all of the tests. Some of these books are listed at the back of
this resource book. In addition, some private organizations and
companies offer courses that help students prepare for these
exams.

CHART 2

High School Courses Recommended for a Four-Year College

Although academic requirements differ across colleges, the
admissions requirements listed below are typical of four-year
colleges. The specific classes listed here are examples of the
types of courses students can take.

English -- 4 years

Types of classes:
composition
American literature
English literature
World literature

Laboratory Science -- 2 to 3 years

Types of classes:
biology
earth science
chemistry
physics

Mathematics -- 3 to 4 years

Types of classes:
algebra I
algebra II
geometry
trigonometry
precalculus
calculus

Foreign Language -- 2 to 3 years

Types of classes:
French
German
Spanish
Latin
Russian
Japanese

History & Geography -- 2 to 3 years

Types of classes:
geography
U.S. history
U.S. government
world history
world cultures

Visual & Performing Arts -- 1 year

Types of classes:
art
dance
drama
music

Appropriate Electives -- 1 to 3 years

Types of classes:
economics
psychology
statistics
computer science
communications

Many schools offer the Preliminary Scholastic Aptitude
Test/National Merit Scholarship Qualifying Test (PSAT/NMSQT) to
their students. This is a practice test that helps students
prepare for the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT). The PSAT is
usually administered to tenth or eleventh grade students. A
student who does very well on this test and who meets many
other academic performance criteria may qualify for the
National Merit Scholarship Program. You and your child can find
out more about the PSAT/NMSQT and the National Merit
Scholarship Program by talking to your child's guidance
counselor or by calling or writing to the number or address
provided in the back of this handbook.
Some colleges also require that an applicant take one or
more Achievement Tests in major areas of study. It is a good
idea for a student to consult a guidance counselor about this
early in high school; often the best time to take an
Achievement Test is right after the student has taken a course
in that subject. For example, many students take the Biology
Achievement Test right after they have completed a course in
biology. This could mean that your child would take his or her
first Achievement Test as a freshman or sophomore in high
school.
At the back of this handbook, in the section that lists
places where you can get additional information, you will find
the address and phone number where you can write or call for
more information about the SAT and the Achievement Tests. You
will also find the address and phone number for the
organization that administers the ACT.
Knowing what will be required for college is important;
by taking the right courses and examinations from the beginning
of high school, your child may avoid admission problems later
on. In addition, students who do not prepare well enough
academically in high school, if admitted to college, may be
required to take remedial courses. Most colleges do not offer
credit for these courses, and students may have to pay for
these extra courses and spend extra time in college to earn
their degrees. Chart 3 lists some questions that you or your
child may want to ask your child's guidance counselor.

CHART 3

Questions To Ask Guidance Counselors

* What basic academic courses do they recommend for students
who want to go to college?
* How many years of each academic subject does the high
school require for graduation?
* What elective courses do they recommend for college-bound
students?
* How does a student go about completing recommended courses
before graduating from high school?
* Can students who are considering college get special help
or tutoring?
* What activities can students do at home and over the
summers to strengthen their preparation for college?
* How much homework is expected of students preparing for
college?
* What kinds of high school grades do different colleges
require?

Course Planner for Parent and Student

This exercise will give you and your child a chance to
look ahead and choose future courses, but be aware that some
courses must be taken in sequence. On the form below, list your
child's current courses or courses he or she will take this
year. Then list courses that he or she will take during each
year of high school. If you are not sure what courses your
child should take, you should make an appointment with your
child's guidance counselor and get some advice.
[Form Omitted]
[Form Omitted]
[Form Omitted]
What can my child do outside the classroom to prepare
for college?

Interpersonal and leadership skills, interests and goals
are all important for college preparation. independent reading
and study, extracurricular activities, and work experience will
all help your child develop his or her skills, interests, and
goals.

Independent Reading and Study

Independent reading and study will help your child to
prepare academically for college. This is a good way to develop
interests, expand knowledge, and improve vocabulary and reading
comprehension skills needed for college and the SAT or ACT.
Encourage your child to read all kinds of books for
fun--fiction and non-fiction. The school library and the local
public library are good sources of books, magazines, and
newspapers.

Extracurricular Activities

Many school, community, and religious organizations enable
high school students to explore their interests and talents by
providing activities outside the classroom. Colleges are often
interested in a student's extracurricular activities such as
school clubs, the student newspaper, athletics, musical
activities, arts, drama, and volunteer work, especially if a
student has excelled in one or more of these areas.

Work Experience

Work experience--paid or volunteer--can teach students
discipline, responsibility, reliability, teamwork, and other
skills. Some students tutor elementary school children or
fellow students in a subject they have mastered themselves.
Others help the disadvantaged or volunteer in hospitals. Many
colleges are interested in knowing about this type of
experience.
A summer job is a good way to gain experience and earn
money for college as well. If your child works during the
school year, he or she should not work so many hours that the
job interferes with school work.

Creating a Good Place To Study

Your child needs a quiet and comfortable place to study.
Here are a few things that you can do:
(1) Help him or her find a quiet place with some privacy.
(2) Set up a desk or large table with good light and place
reference books such as a dictionary on the desk or
nearby.
(3) Make sure your child studies there on a regular basis.

How can my child go about choosing a college?

Colleges are located in big cities, suburbs, and small
towns throughout the country. Some enroll tens of thousands of
students; others enroll only a few hundred. Some are public;
others are private. Some private institutions are affiliated
with religious institutions; others are not. Some schools
enroll only women, others only men.
The type of institution best suited to your child depends
on his or her individual needs and talents. Your child can
begin focusing on the choice of a college by considering the
following questions:
-- Why do I want to go to college?
-- What do I hope to achieve in college?
-- Do I have some idea of what I want to study or for which
job I want to prepare?
-- Do I want to live at home or go away to school?
-- Do I prefer an urban or suburban environment?
-- Would I be happier in a small college or at a large
university?
In order to choose a college, you and your child should
ask the following questions about the nature and qualify of the
schools in which your child has an interest.

The Nature of the Education Offered

* What is the philosophy of the particular college and what
kinds of educational programs does this college offer?

Ask about the college's specialties, which types of
classes the school offers, and in which fields students can
earn a degree or certificate. How many students study in each
area, and what do they do when they graduate?

* How long does it take to earn a certificate or degree at
this college?

Students should know how much time it takes to complete a
program before they enroll in it. Programs can last anywhere
from a few months to several years. Also ask whether the time
involved reflects full-time or part-time attendance.

* What do students do when they graduate from this school?
Do they get jobs in the areas that they were trained for?
Do they pursue further education?

Job placement rates are particularly important for
vocational programs. If a very low percentage of students are
employed in their area of training a year after completing the
program, there may be a problem. It can also be useful to ask
about beginning salaries of program graduates and the
institution's career advising and placement services for its
students.
Students who enroll in two-year colleges plans to transfer
to four-year colleges should inquire about the possibility of
doing so and about the number of graduates who transfer each
year. Students applying to four-year colleges may want to know
how many graduates go on to graduate or professional education.

The Quality of the College

* How many students who start at this school earn a
certificate or degree? How many drop out?

A high drop-out rate may suggest that students are
dissatisfied with the education an institution provides. Be
particularly careful about having your child enroll in a school
that graduates a very low percentage of its students. Also ask
about tuition refund policies for students who drop out in the
first weeks of an educational program.

* What is the default rate at this college? Do students
repay their loans?

The default rate is the percentage of students who took
out student loans to help pay their expenses but did not repay
them properly. A high default rate may suggest that students
who borrowed never completed their educational program, or that
they were unable to find jobs and repay the loans when they
graduated. Colleges with consistently high default rates may be
barred from student loan programs, and students attending these
institutions may thus be ineligible for Federal loans.

* Have other students who have gone to this college liked
it? What has their experience been?

Colleges should be able to refer you to current students
or recent graduates of their programs. These individuals can
give you their opinion about classes, facilities, the faculty
(teachers), and the skills they have learned.

* What kinds of facilities does this college have? Are they
adequate for my child's needs?

You and your child should consider the condition of
classrooms, libraries, and dormitories when choosing a college.
The types of facilities appropriate for a college depend on the
type of education provided. For example, a college offering
classes in the sciences should have modern laboratories, and an
institution that offers computer education classes should have
adequate computer facilities.

Admissions Requirements and Financial Aid

* What admissions requirements does this college have?

Each institution can require students to take certain high
school classes and submit certain items with their
applications. Make sure you know what is required by the
schools that interest your child.

* Is this college accredited by an agency recognized by the
Secretary of Education and eligible to participate in
Federal student aid programs?

Federal financial aid is available only to students
attending eligible institutions. Students attending other
institutions cannot receive Federal financial aid. If you are
interested in having your child apply for Federal financial
aid, be wary of unaccredited institutions and those with high
default rates. You can call the Federal Student Financial Aid
Information Center toll-free to find out if a particular
college is an eligible institution. The number is
1-800-4FED-AID.

EXERCISE

College Inquiries

Using the form on the next page, help your child list the
colleges he/she knows about and might be interested in
attending. Write down whether they are two-year or four-year
colleges or universities. Ask your child why these schools are
appealing to him or her. You and your child may want to contact
the colleges to get more information.
[Form Omitted]
How much does a college education cost?

Many people overestimate the cost of college or believe
that all schools are expensive. For example, a recent Gallup
survey indicated that 13- to 21-year-olds overestimated the
average cost of public two- and four-year colleges by more than
three times the actual figure. The same group estimated that
the costs of private four-year colleges were one-third higher
than they actually were.
Although some colleges are expensive, costs vary from
institution to institution. In addition, the availability of
financial aid--money available from various sources to help
students pay for college--can make even an expensive college
affordable for a qualified student.

College Costs

The basic costs of college are tuition, fees, and other
expenses:

* Tuition

Tuition is the amount of money that colleges charge for
instruction and for the use of some facilities, such as
libraries. Tuition can range from a few hundred dollars per
year to more than $18,000. However, there are a few
institutions that don't charge any tuition at all. As shown in
Chart 4, most students attend colleges that charge less than
$3,000 per year for tuition. This occurs because over
three-quarters of students attend public institutions whose
tuitions are much lower than those of private institutions.
[Graphic Omitted]

* Fees

Fees are charges (usually small) that cover costs
generally not associated with the student's course load, such
as costs of some athletic activities, student activities,
clubs, and special events.

* Other Expenses

Besides tuition and fees, students at most colleges and
universities pay for room, board, books, supplies,
transportation, and other miscellaneous costs. "Room and board"
refers to the cost of housing and food. Typical college costs
are listed in Chart 5 below.

CHART 5

Typical College Costs

Tuition Books
Fees Supplies
Room Transportation
Board Miscellaneous Expenses

Tuition at Public and Private Colleges

It is important to know the difference between public and
private institutions. A school's private or public status has a
lot to do with its tuition.


* Public Institutions

Over three-quarters of all students in two- and four-year
colleges attend State or other public colleges. Since these
schools receive a large proportion of their budgets from State
or local government, they can charge students who live in that
State (in-state students) relatively low tuition. Students from
other States (out-of-state students) usually pay higher
tuition.
In 1991-92, in-state students attending public four-year
colleges faced an average tuition and fees of $2,137 per year.
in-state students at public two-year colleges faced an average
tuition and fees of $1,022 per year in 1991-92.
If the costs of room, board, books, supplies, and
transportation are added to tuition and fees, the average total
cost of attending a public four-year college was $6,437 in
1991-92. Since many students who attend two-year public schools
live at home, the average total cost of attending a two-year
public college in 1991-92 was $2,404. This includes the cost of
tuition, fees, books, supplies, and transportation for a
commuter student.

* Private Institutions

Private (sometimes called "independent") institutions
charge the same tuition for both in-state and out-of-state
students. Private college tuitions tend to be higher than those
of public colleges because private schools receive less
financial support from States and local governments.
Most private colleges are "non-profit." Other private
postsecondary schools-mostly vocational and trade schools--are
"proprietary." Such institutions are legally permitted to make
a profit. Students at private colleges in 1991-92 faced an
average tuition and fees of $10,017 per year at four-year
colleges and $5,290 per year at two-year non-profit colleges.
If the costs of room, board, books, supplies, and
transportation are added to tuition and fees, the average total
cost of attending a private four-year college was $15,381 in
1991-92. If these same kinds of costs are added to the tuition
and fees of a two-year private college, the average total cost
of attending such a school was $10,019 in 1991-92.
Chart 6 below shows the average tuition and fees faced by
students at four different kinds of colleges in school year
1991-92.

Future College Costs

By the time your child is ready to attend college, the
tuition, fees, and costs of room, board, and other expenses
will be larger than the amounts discussed in this handbook.
Because there are many factors that affect the costs of a
college education, it is impossible to know exactly how much
colleges will charge when your child is ready to enroll. Be
cautious when people tell you a particular amount; no one can
be sure how much costs will change over time. In addition, as
college costs increase, the amount of money you earn, and thus
the amount you will have available to pay for college, will
also rise.
[Graphic Omitted]
How can I afford to send my child to college?

Saving money in advance and obtaining financial aid are
common ways for parents to make their child's education
affordable. Other ways of making college affordable, such as
attending college part time, will be discussed later in this
handbook. (See the section beginning on page 32.)

Saving Money

Saving money is the primary way to prepare for the costs
of college. Setting aside a certain amount every month or each
payday will help build up a fund for college. If you and your
child begin saving early, the amount you have to set aside each
month will be smaller.
In order to set up a savings schedule, you'll need to
think about where your child might attend college, how much
that type of college might cost, and how much you can afford to
save. Keep in mind that colleges of the same type have a range
of costs and your child may be able to attend one that is less
expensive. You can also pay part of the costs from your
earnings while your child is attending school. In addition,
your child may also be able to meet some of the costs of
college by working during the school year or during the summer.
Finally, some Federal, State, or other student financial aid
may be available, including loans to you and to your child.
You will also want to think about what kind of savings
instrument to use or what kind of investment to make. By
putting your money in some kind of savings instrument or
investment, you can set aside small amounts of money regularly
and the money will earn interest or dividends. Interest refers
to the amount that your money earns when it is kept in a
savings instrument. Dividends are payments of part of a
company's earnings to people who hold stock in the company.
A savings instrument has an "interest rate" associated
with it; this refers to the rate at which the money in the
instrument increases over a certain period of time. Principal
refers to the face value or the amount of money you place in
the savings instrument on which the interest is earned.
Chart 7 shows how much you would need to save each month
in order to have $10,000 available when your child begins
college. As the chart demonstrates, the amount varies depending
on the interest rate you obtain and the number of years that
you save. The higher the interest rate and the earlier you
begin to save, the less you need to set aside each month.
For example, if you start saving when your child is born,
you will have 18 years to save. As shown on the chart, each
month you will only have to deposit $32 in an account earning 4
percent interest in order to save $10,099 by the time your
child is 18. However, if you use the same savings instrument
but do not start to save until your child is 16, you will have
to save $401 each month. In addition, if you use the instrument
with the higher interest rate--8 percent--you will only have to
put away $21 each month starting when your child is born.
Remember, by starting to save early and by using
instruments with higher interest rates, you can put aside
smaller amounts. If you wait until later to start saving, you
may not be able to afford to put away the larger amounts of
money needed to meet your savings goals.

CHART 7

Amount You Would Need To Save To Have $10,000 Available
When Your Child Begins College

Amount Available When Child Begins College
If you start Number
saving when of years Monthly
your child saving Savings Principal Earned Savings
(Assuming a 4 percent interest rate.)
Newborn 18 $32 $6,912 $3,187 $10,099
Age 4 14 45 7,560 2,552 10,112
Age 8 10 68 8,160 1,853 10,013
Age 12 6 124 8,928 1,144 10,072
Age 16 2 401 9,624 378 10,002
(Assuming an 8 percent interest rate.)
Newborn 18 $21 $4,536 $5,546 $10,082
Age 4 14 33 5,544 4,621 10,165
Age 8 10 55 6,660 3,462 10,062
Age 12 6 109 7,848 2,183 10,031
Age 16 2 386 9,264 746 10,010


When deciding which type of savings instrument or
Investment is right for you and your family, you should
consider four features:
-- Risk: The danger that the money you set aside could be
worth less in the future.
-- Return: The amount of money you earn on the savings
instrument or investment through interest or dividends.
-- Liquidity: How quickly you can gain access to the money in
the instrument or investment.
-- Time Frame: The number of years you will need to save or
invest.
When you select one or more savings instruments or
investments, you should balance these factors by minimizing the
risk while maximizing the return on your money. You will also
want to be sure that you will be able to access the money at
the time you need to pay for your child's education.
If you start early enough, you may feel confident about
making some long-term investments. Some investments are riskier
than others but can help you earn more money over time. Chart 8
lists some of the major kinds of savings instruments and
investments that you may want to use. You can get more
information on these and other savings instruments at local
banks and at your neighborhood library.
Don't forget that you won't necessarily have to save for
the entire cost of college. The following section tells about
student financial aid for which you and your child might
qualify and other ways to keep college costs down.
[Graphic Omitted]
Financial Aid

Financial aid can help many families meet college costs.
Every year millions of students apply for and receive financial
aid. In fact, almost one-half of all students who go on for
more education after high school receive financial aid of some
kind. In school year 1990-91, postsecondary students received
about $28 billion in financial aid.
There are three main types of financial assistance
available to qualified students at the college level:
-- Grants and Scholarships;
-- Loans; a
-- Work-Study.

* Grants and Scholarships

Grants and scholarships provide aid that does not have to
be repaid. However, some require that recipients maintain
certain grade levels or take certain courses.

* Loans

Loans are another type of financial aid and are available
to both students and parents. Like a car loan or a mortgage for
a house, an education loan must eventually be repaid. Often,
payments do not begin until the student finishes school, and
the interest rate on education loans is commonly lower than for
other types of loans. For students with no established credit
record, it is usually easier to get student loans than other
kinds of loans.
There are many different kinds of education loans. Before
taking out any loan, be sure to ask the following kinds of
questions:
-- What are the exact provisions of the loan?
-- What is the interest rate?
-- Exactly how much has to be paid in interest?
-- What will the monthly payments be?
-- When will the monthly payments begin?
-- How long will the monthly payments lost?
-- What happens if you miss one of the monthly payments?
-- Is there a grace period for paying bock the loan?
In all cases, a loan taken to pay for a college education
must be repaid, whether or not a student finishes school or
gets a job after graduation. Failure to repay a student loan
can ruin a person's credit rating and make finances much more
difficult in the future. This is an important reason to
consider a college's graduation and job placement rates when
you help your child choose a school.

* Work-Study Programs

Many students work during the summer and/ or part time
during the school year to help pay for college. Although many
obtain jobs on their own, many colleges also offer work-study
programs to their students. A work-study job is often part of a
student's financial aid package. The jobs are usually on campus
and the money earned is used to pay for tuition or other
college charges.
The types of financial aid discussed above can be
merit-based, need-based, or a combination of merit-based and
need-based.

* Merit-based Financial Aid

Merit-based assistance, usually in the form of
scholarships or grants, is given to students who meet
requirements not related to financial needs. For example, a
merit scholarship may be given to a student who has done well
in high school or one who displays artistic or athletic talent.
Most merit-based aid is awarded on the basis of academic
performance or potential.

* Need-based Financial Aid

"Need-based" means that the amount of aid a student can
receive depends on the cost of the college and on his or her
family's ability to pay these costs. Most financial aid is
need-based and is available to qualified students.

What are the most common sources of financial aid?

Student financial aid is available from a number of
sources, including the Federal Government, State governments,
colleges and universities, and other organizations. Students
can receive aid from more than one source.

* Federal Financial Assistance

The Federal Government supplies the largest amount of all
student aid, about 75 percent or $20 billion annually. The
largest and most popular Federal student aid programs are:
-- Federal Pell Grants
These are need-based grants that will be given to over 4
million students for school year 1992-93. In school year
1992-93, the maximum Pell Grant will be $2,400.
-- Federal Stafford Loans
Starting in October 1992 there will be two Stafford loan
programs-one need-based program and another non-need-based. In
1992 approximately 4 million students will receive Stafford
Loans.
Under the need-based program, the Federal Government pays
interest on the loan while the student is in school and the
student starts paying back the loan and the interest after
graduation.
Under the non-need-based loan program, the interest
accrues while the student is in school. After graduation the
student must pay back the loan and the interest on the loan,
including the interest that accrued while the student was in
school.
Under the Stafford loan programs, the combined loan limits
are $2625 for the first year, $3500 for the second year, $5500
for the third or more years. An undergraduate cannot borrow
more than a total of $23,000.
In addition to Federal Stafford Loans for students, two
other Federal loan programs are available through which
students or their parents can borrow funds to attend school.
-- Federal Campus-Based Programs
The Federal Government also provides money to colleges to
give to needy students. There are three Campus-Based
programs--a grant program (Supplemental Educational Opportunity
Grants or SEOGs), a loan program (Perkins Loans), and the
College Work-Study Program.
Students can get aid from more than one Federal program.
For the most up-to-date information about student aid supplied
by the Federal Government, call the Federal Student Financial
Aid Information Center toll-free at the U.S. Department of
Education at 1-800-4FED-AID. You can also obtain a guide to
Federal financial aid for students, called The Student Guide,
which provides an extensive and updated discussion of all
Federal student aid programs. You can obtain the Guide by
writing to the following address:
Federal Student Aid Information Center
P.O. Box 84
Washington, D.C. 20044
Call: 1-800-4FED-AID

* State Financial Assistance

States generally give portions of State budgets to public
colleges and universities. This support lowers tuition for all
students attending these schools. Some States also offer
financial assistance directly to individual students, which can
be need-based or merit-based. To find out about State aid where
you live, call or write your State's higher education agency.
The phone numbers and addresses of all of these agencies are
listed in the last section of this handbook.

* College/University Assistance

Colleges themselves provide aid to many of their
students. Most of this "institutional aid" is in the form of
scholarships or grants. Some is need-based and some is
merit-based.
When your child wants financial aid information about
specific schools, he or she should contact the financial aid
offices of these schools and request information.

* Other Types of Assistance

Other organizations, such as corporations, labor unions,
professional associations, religious organizations, and credit
unions, sometimes award financial aid. You can find out about
the availability of such scholarships by contacting someone
from the specific organization or by directly contacting its
main headquarters.
In addition, some organizations, particularly foundations,
offer scholarships to minorities, women, and disabled students.
To learn more about such scholarships, go to the nearest public
library with a good reference section and look for directories
that list such scholarships. (The names of a few books that
list scholarships appear in the last section of this handbook.)
College admissions offices and high school guidance counselors
should also be able to provide more information about
scholarships.

* Help in Getting More Information

The guidance counselors at your child's high school should
be able to provide information on when and how to apply for
Federal, State, and other types of aid. If they cannot give you
this information, try a local college. Even if your child
doesn't plan to attend that particular institution, financial
aid officers there should have information on Federal financial
aid. Many colleges can also tell you about State aid and their
own institutional aid.

Is my child eligible for financial aid? If so, how much?

To qualify for Federal aid, you or your child must submit
a financial aid application. Applications for financial aid
request information about your family's income, savings, and
assets, as well as information on the number of children in the
family who are in college. You can get a copy of the Federal
financial aid form by calling the toll-free number that was
mentioned earlier: 1-800-4FED-AID.
To apply for other aid in addition to Federal aid, you may
need additional forms. High school guidance counselors can tell
you more about applying for financial aid, including where to
get forms you might need for State aid.
From information you report on the financial aid forms,
your expected family contribution (EFC) is calculated. The EFC
is the amount of money a student and his or her family are
expected to contribute to the costs of attending college. Using
the EFC and other information that you provide, each college to
which you apply will determine your financial need. Financial
need equals the cost of education minus the EFC and represents
the maximum amount of need-based aid the student can receive.
In addition, students can borrow money to cover the EFC.
Because financial aid determinations consider both
financial need and education costs, you should not rule out a
school because you think it costs too much. In fact, with
financial aid it may cost no more to attend an expensive
institution than a cheaper one. Chart 9 below summarizes the
simple calculation that is performed to determine financial
need.

CHART 9

How Much Need-Based Financial Aid Can My Child Get?

The amount of need-based financial aid a student qualifies
for depends on his or her financial need. Financial need is
equal to the cost of education (estimated costs for college
attendance and basic living expenses) minus the family
contribution (the amount a student's family is expected to pay,
which varies according to the family's financial resources).
Expected
Cost of Family Financial
Education Contribution Needs

Includes costs
of
Tuition Students can receive
Fees Based on the financial up to this amount of
Room - resources of a student = need-based financial
Board and his or her family aid, such as Pell
Books Supplies Grants and Stafford
Transportation Loans.

To give you a better idea of how you can finance your
child's college education, examples of two college students'
financial aid packages are shown below. Note that these
financial aid packages are Just examples of the kinds of
packages that students with these profiles would receive if
they attended the schools described below.

PROFILE 1 -- FIRST STUDENT

I. Student's Background

Family Income ....................................$12,000
Family Size.............................................4
Number of Family Members in College ....................1

II. Characteristics of the College That Student Would Like To
Attend and Student's Financial Aid Package at That College

A. A 2-Year Public College. Total cost of attending this
college comes to $4,000.*

Student's Financial Aid Package at This College:
Total Cost of Education ..........................$4,000
Expected Family Contribution (EFC) Parents............$0
Student**(from summer job savings) .................$700
Financial Need....................................$3,300

For this student, the total cost of education is $4,000.
When you subtract the EFC, the financial need is $3,300.
Therefore, the financial aid package below was offered to the
student.

Example of Financial Aid Package:

Financial Need....................................$3,300
Pell Grant.........................................2,400
SEOG***..............................................400
State Aid............................................500
Total Financial Aid ..............................$3,300

B. A 4-Year Public College. Total cost of attending this
institution comes to $6,500.*

Student's Financial Aid Package at This College:
Total Cost of Education ..........................$6,500
Expected Family Contribution (EFC) Parents............$0
Student** (from summer job savings) ...............$ 700
Financial Need....................................$5,800

For this student, the total cost of education is $6,500.
When you subtract the EFC, the financial need is $5,800.
Therefore, the financial aid package below was offered to the
student.

Example of Financial Aid Package:
Financial Need....................................$5,800
Pell Grant.........................................2,400
SEOG***..............................................600
Work-Study...........................................800
Perkins Loan****...................................1,000
State Aid..........................................1,000
Total Financial Aid ..............................$5,800

C. A 4-Year Private College. Total cost of attending this
institution comes to $15,200.*

Student's Financial Aid Package at This College:
Total Cost of Education .........................$15,200
Expected Family Contribution (EFC) Parents............$0
Student** (from summer job savings) ...............$ 700
Financial Need ..................................$14,500

For this student, the total cost of education is $15,200.
When you subtract the EFC, the financial need is $14,500.
Therefore, the financial aid package below was offered to the
student.

Example of Financial Aid Package:
Financial Need ..................................$14,500
Pell Grant.........................................2,400
SEOG***............................................1,000
Work-Study.........................................1,200
Perkins Loan****...................................1,000
Stafford Loan......................................1,500
State Aid..........................................1,400
Institutional Aid..................................6,000
Total Financial Aid .............................$14,500

PROFILE 2 -- SECOND STUDENT

I. Student's Background

Family Income .........................................$32,000
Family Size..................................................4
Number of Family Members in College ........................ 1

II. Characteristics of the College That Student Would Like To
Attend and Student's Financial Aid Package at That College

A. A 2-Year Public College. Total cost of attending this
college comes to $4,000.*

Student's Financial Aid Package at This College:
Total Cost of Education ..........................$4,000
Expected Family Contribution (EFC) Parents........$1,500
Student** (from summer job savings) ...............$ 700
Financial Need ...................................$1,800

For this student, the total cost of education is $4,000.
When you subtract the EFC, the financial need is $1,800.
Therefore, the financial aid package below was offered to the
student.

Example of Financial Aid Package:
Financial Need ...................................$1,800
Pell Grant...........................................700
SEOG*** .............................................500
Work-Study...........................................600
Total Financial Aid ..............................$1,800

B. A 4-Year Public College. Total cost of attending this
institution comes to $6,500.*

Student's Financial Aid Package at This College:
Total Cost of Education ..........................$6,500
Expected Family Contribution (EFC) Parents .......$1,500
Student** (from summer job savings) ...............$ 700
Financial Need ...................................$4,300

For this student, the total cost of education is $6,500.
When you subtract the EFC, the financial need is $4,300.
Therefore, the following financial aid package was offered to
the student.

Example of Financial Aid Package:
Financial Need ...................................$4,300
Pell Grant ...........................................700
SEOG***...............................................600
Work-Study..........................................1,400
Stafford Loan.......................................1,000
State Aid.............................................600
Total Financial Aid ...............................$4,300

C. A 4-Year Private College. Total cost of attending this
institution comes to $15,200.*

Student's Financial Aid Package at This College:
Total Cost of Education .........................$15,200
Expected Family Contribution (EFC) Parents .......$1,500
Student** (from summer job savings) ................$700
Financial Need ..................................$13,000

For this student, the total cost of education is $15,200.*
When you subtract the EFC, the financial need is $13,000.
Therefore, the financial aid package below was offered to the
student.

Example of Financial Aid Package:
Financial Need ..................................$13,000
Pell Grant............................................700
SEOG***.............................................1,200
Work-Study..........................................1,500
Perkins Loan****....................................2,000
Stafford Loan.......................................2,500
State Aid.............................................800
Institutional Aid...................................4,300
Total Financial Aid ..............................$13,000

* This "total cost" includes tuition, fees, room, board,
books, supplies, and transportation.
** The student worked during two summer vacations while in
high school and saved $700 for college.
*** An SEOG is a Supplemental Educational Opportunity
Grant--which is a Federal award that helps undergraduates
with financial need, and is awarded by the school.
**** A Perkins Loan is a low-interest Federal loan for
undergraduates and graduate students with financial need,
and is awarded by the school.

Are there other ways to keep the cost of college down?

Enroll in a Two-Year College; Then Transfer to a Four-Year
College

Local community colleges are usually the least expensive.
In addition to charging low tuition, they are located in the
area in which the student lives, which makes it possible to
save by living at home and commuting to campus.
After completing an associate's degree or certificate in a
two-year college, students often can transfer to a four-year
college and work toward a bachelor's degree.
If your child chooses this route, he or she needs to take
courses in the two-year college that will count toward a
bachelor's degree. Certain community college courses may not be
transferable to a four-year institution. Community college
admissions officers can explain transfer terms and
opportunities.

Work Part Time

Some students choose to work part time and attend college
part time. If your child wishes to do this, he or she should
make sure that work, classes, and time for studying do not
conflict. Some institutions offer programs that enable students
to combine work and classes. Although going to school part time
is a good option for many students, it usually takes longer for
part-time students to earn their degrees.

Take Advantage of Armed Forces Education Programs

All of the ways to get postsecondary educational training
through the Armed Forces are shown in Chart 10 below. The armed
forces offer educational programs during or after active duty.
If your child prefers to work toward a college degree
immediately after high school, attending one of the military
academies or attending a civilian school and enrolling in the
[Graphic Omitted]
Reserve Officers Training Corps (ROTC) program are
options. If your child wants to join the armed forces before
attending college full time, he or she can attend college after
military service by taking advantage of the Montgomery GI Bill
or by obtaining college credit for some of the military
training he or she will receive.

* Military Academies

Each branch of the military, with the exception of the
Marine Corps, has its own academy--a four-year college that
offers a bachelor's degree and a commission in the military
upon graduation. The military academies are highly competitive
and are tuition-free to students who are admitted. The three
main military academies are:
(1) U.S. Military Academy, located in West Point, New York;
(2) U.S. Naval Academy, located in Annapolis, Maryland; and
(3) U.S. Air Force Academy, located in Colorado Springs,
Colorado.

* ROTC

In the ROTC scholarship program, the military covers the
cost of tuition, fees, and textbooks and also provides a
monthly allowance. Scholarship recipients participate in summer
training while in college and fulfill a service commitment
after college.

* The Montgomery GI Bill

This bill provides financial support for people who wish
to pursue a college education after serving in the military.

* Other Ways To Get a College Education in the Armed Forces

Most branches of the military offer some kind of tuition
assistance program that enables members to take college courses
at civilian colleges during their off-duty hours while on
active duty. In addition, military training while on active
duty can sometimes count toward college credit. All branches of
the military offer training in various technical and vocational
areas, and military enrollees can often obtain college credit
for some of this training.

Local armed forces recruiting offices can provide detailed
information about education opportunities through the military.

How do I set up a long-range plan?

Step by step, you can help your child make informed
decisions about his or her education, do well academically,
learn about colleges, and find the best possible opportunities
for a college education.
Following are two checklists that are designed to help you
and your child, year by year, progress toward preparing for
college--both academically and financially. The first list
speaks directly to your child, although he or she may need your
help. The second list speaks directly to you.

College Preparation Checklist for Students

PRE-HIGH SCHOOL:
* Take challenging classes in English, mathematics, science,
history, geography, and a foreign language.
* Develop strong study skills.

* Start thinking about which high school classes will best
prepare you for college.
* If you have an opportunity to choose among high schools,
or among different programs within one high school,
investigate the options and determine which ones will help
you --
further your academic and career interests and
open doors to many future options.
* Investigate different ways to save money--buying a U.S.
Savings Bond or opening a savings account in a bank, etc.

* Start saving for college if you haven't already.

HIGH SCHOOL:

gth GRADE

* Take challenging classes in English, mathematics, science,
history, geography, and a foreign language.
* Get to know your career counselor or guidance counselor,
and other college resources available in your school.
* Talk to adults in a variety of professions to determine
what they like and dislike about their jobs and what kind
of education is needed for each kind of job.
* Continue to save for college.

10TH GRADE

* Take challenging classes in English, mathematics, science,
history, geography, and a foreign language.
* Talk to adults in a variety of professions to determine
what they like and dislike about their jobs, and what kind
of education is needed for each kind of job.
* Become involved in school- or community- based
extracurricular (before or after school) activities that
interest you and/or enable you to explore career
interests.
* Meet with your career counselor or guidance counselor to
discuss colleges and their requirements.
* Take the Preliminary Scholastic Aptitude Test/National
Merit Scholarship Qualifying Test (PSAT/NMSQT). You must
register early. If you have difficulty paying the
registration fee, see your guidance counselor about
getting a fee waiver.
* Take advantage of opportunities to visit colleges and talk
to students.
* Continue to save for college.

11TH GRADE

* Take challenging classes in English, mathematics, science,
history, geography, and a foreign language.

* Meet with your career counselor or guidance counselor to
discuss colleges and their requirements.

* Continue involvement in school- or community-based
extracurricular activities.
* Decide which colleges most interest you. Write these
schools to request information and an application for
admission. Be sure to ask about special admissions
requirements, financial aid, and deadlines.
* Talk to college representatives at college fairs.

* Take advantage of opportunities to visit colleges and talk
to students.
* Consider people to ask for recommendations--teachers,
counselors, employers, etc.
* Investigate the availability of financial aid from
Federal, State, local, and private sources. Call the
Student Aid Hotline at the U.S. Department of Education
(1-800-4FED-AID) for a student guide to Federal financial
aid. Talk to your guidance counselor for more information.
* Investigate the availability of scholarships provided by
organizations such as corporations, labor unions,
professional associations, religious organizations, and
credit unions.
* If applicable, go to the library and look for directories
of scholarships for women, minorities, and disabled
students.
* Register for and take the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT),
the ACT, Achievement Tests, or any other exams required
for admission to the colleges you might want to attend. If
you have difficulty paying the registration fee, see your
guidance counselor about getting a fee waiver.
* Continue to save for college.

12TH GRADE

* Take challenging classes in English, mathematics, science,
history, geography, and a foreign language.
* Meet with your counselor early in the year to discuss your
plans.
* Complete all necessary financial aid forms. Make sure that
you fill out at least one form that can be used for
Federal aid.
* Write colleges to request information and applications for
admission. Be sure to ask about financial aid, admissions
requirements, and deadlines.

* If possible, visit the colleges that most interest you.

* Register for and take the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT),
American College Test (ACT), Achievement Tests, or any
other exams required for admission to the colleges to
which you are applying. If you have difficulty paying the
registration fee, see your guidance counselor about
getting a fee waiver.
* Prepare your application carefully. Follow the
instructions, and PAY CLOSE ATTENTION TO DEADLINES! Be
sure to ask your counselor and teachers at least two weeks
before your application deadlines to submit the necessary
documents to colleges (your transcript, letters of
recommendation, etc.).

Financial Preparation Checklist for Parents

PRE-HIGH SCHOOL:

* Investigate different ways to save money--buying a U.S.
Savings Bond or opening a savings account in a bank, etc.
* Start saving money for your child's college education.

HIGH SCHOOL:

9TH GRADE

* Continue to save for college.

10TH GRADE

* Continue to save for college.

11TH GRADE

* Help your child investigate the availability of financial
aid from Federal, State, local, and private sources. Call
the Student Aid Hotline at the U.S. Department of
Education (1-800-4FED-AID) for a student guide to Federal
financial aid. Have your child talk to his/her guidance
counselor for more information.
* Help your child investigate the availability of
scholarships provided by organizations such as
corporations, labor unions, professional associations,
religious organizations, and credit unions.

* If applicable, go to the library with your son or daughter
and look for directories on scholarships for women,
minorities, and disabled students.

12TH GRADE

* Make sure your child completes all necessary financial aid
forms. Be sure that he or she completes at least one form
that can be used for Federal aid.

* Continue to save for college.

What terms do I need to understand?

Below is a glossary of some terms that you may want to
remember:

A.A.: This stands for an "associate of arts" degree, which can
be earned at most two-year colleges.
A.A.S.: This refers to an "associate of applied science"
degree, which can be earned at some two-year colleges.
Achievement Test: Achievement Tests are offered in many areas
of study including English, mathematics, many sciences,
history, and foreign languages. Some colleges require students
to take one or more Achievement Tests when they apply for
admission. Write to the address on page 41 of this handbook for
more information about such tests.
ACT: This is a test published by American College Testing,
which measures a student's aptitude in mathematical and verbal
comprehension and problem solving. Many colleges in the South
and Midwest require students to take this test and submit their
test scores when they apply for admission. Some colleges accept
this test or the SAT. (See below for explanation of SAT.) Most
students take the ACT or the SAT during their junior or senior
year of high school.
B.A. or B.S.: B.A. stands for "bachelor of arts," and B.S.
stands for "bachelor of science." Both degrees can be earned at
four-year colleges. Some colleges only grant B.A.s and others
only grant B.S.s--it depends on the kinds of courses offered at
the particular college.
Certificates of Deposit: See chaff beginning on page 22.
Default Rate: The default rate is the percentage of students
who took out Federal student loans to help pay their expenses
but did not repay them properly.
Dividends: Dividends are payments of part of a company's
earnings to people who hold stock in the company.
Expected Family Contribution (EFC): An amount, determined by a
formula that is specified by law, that indicates how much of a
family's financial resources should be available to help pay
for school. Factors such as taxable and non-taxable income,
assets (such as savings and checking accounts), and benefits
(for example, unemployment or Social Security) are all
considered in this calculation. The EFC is used in determining
eligibility for Federal need-based aid.
Fees: These are charges that cover costs not associated with
the student's course load, such as costs of some athletic
activities, clubs, and special events.
Financial Aid: Financial aid in this handbook refers to money
available from various sources to help students pay for
college.
Financial Aid Package: The total amount of financial aid a
student receives. Federal and non-Federal aid such as grants,
loans, or work-study are combined in a "package" to help meet
the student's need. Using available resources to give each
student the best possible package of aid is one of the major
responsibilities of a school's financial aid administrator.
Financial Need: In the context of student financial aid,
financial need is equal to the cost of education (estimated
costs for college attendance and basic living expenses) minus
the expected family contribution (the amount a student's family
is expected to pay, which varies according to the family's
financial resources).
General Educational Development (GED) Certificate: The
certificate students receive if they have passed a high school
equivalency test. Students who don't have a high school diploma
but who have a GED will still qualify for Federal student aid.
Grant: A grant is a sum of money given to a student for the
purposes of paying at least pad of the cost of college. A grant
does not have to be repaid.
Individual Corporate Bonds or Stocks: See chad beginning on
page 22.
Interest: This refers to the amount that your money earns when
it is kept in a savings instrument.
Investment: In this handbook, an investment refers to using
your money to invest in something that will enable you to earn
interest or dividends over time.
Liquidity: A term that refers to how quickly you can gain
access to money that you invest or deposit in some kind of
savings instrument.
Loan: A loan is a type of financial aid that is available to
students and to the parents of students. An education loan must
be repaid. In many cases, however, payments do not begin until
the student finishes school.
Merit-based Financial Aid: This kind of financial aid is given
to students who meet requirements not related to financial
needs. Most merit-based aid is awarded on the basis of academic
performance or potential and is given in the form of
scholarships or grants.
Money Market Accounts/Money Market Mutual Funds: See chart
beginning on page 22.
Mutual Funds: See chart beginning on page 22.
Need-based Financial Aid: This kind of financial aid is given
to students who are determined to be in financial need of
assistance based on their income and assets and their families'
income and assets, as well as some other factors.
Open Admissions: This term means that a college admits most or
all students who apply to the school. At some colleges it means
that anyone who has a high school diploma or a GED can enroll.
At other schools it means that anyone over 18 can enroll. "Open
admissions," therefore, can mean slightly different things at
different schools.
Pell Grants: These are Federal need-based grants that will be
given to over 4 million students for school year 1992-93. In
school year 1992-93, the maximum Pell Grant will be
Perkins Loan: This is a Federal financial aid program that
consists of low-interest loans for undergraduates and graduate
students with financial need, and is awarded by the school.
Postsecondary: This term means "after high school" and refers
to all programs for high school graduates, including programs
at two- and four-year colleges and vocational and technical
schools.
Principal: This refers to the face value or the amount of money
you place in a savings instrument on which interest is earned.
Proprietary: This is a term used to describe postsecondary
schools that are private and are legally permitted to make a
profit. Most proprietary schools offer technical and vocational
courses.
PSAT/NMSQT: This stands for the Preliminary Scholastic Aptitude
Test/National Merit Scholarship Qualifying Test, a practice
test that helps students prepare for the Scholastic Aptitude
Test (SAT). The PSAT is usually administered to tenth or
eleventh grade students. Although colleges do not see a
student's PSAT/NMSQT score, a student who does very well on
this test and who meets many other academic performance
criteria may qualify for the National Merit Scholarship
Program.
Return: Return refers to the amount of money you earn through a
financial investment or savings instrument. You earn money on
investments and savings instruments through interest earnings
or dividends.
Risk: In reference to saving money or investing money, risk
refers to the danger that the money you set aside in some kind
of savings plan or investment could be worth less in the
future.
ROTC: This stands for Reserve Officers Training Corps program,
which is a scholarship program wherein the military covers the
cost of tuition, fees, and textbooks and also provides a
monthly allowance. Scholarship recipients participate in summer
training while in college and fulfill a service commitment
after college.
SAT: This stands for the Scholastic Aptitude Test, which is a
test that measures a student's aptitude in mathematical and
verbal comprehension and problem solving. Many colleges in the
East and West require students to take the SAT and to submit
their test scores when they apply for admission. Some colleges
accept this test or the ACT. (See above for an explanation of
the ACT.) Most students take the SAT or the ACT during their
junior or senior year of high school.
Savings Accounts: See chart beginning on page 22.
Savings Instrument: In this document, savings instrument refers
to any kind of savings plan or mechanism you can use to save
money over time. Examples of savings instruments discussed in
this handbook are savings accounts, certificates of deposit
(CDs), and money market accounts.
Scholarship: A scholarship is a sum of money given to a student
for the purposes of paying at least part of the cost of
college. Scholarships can be awarded to students based on
students' academic achievements or on many other factors.
SEOG (Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grant): This is a
Federal award that helps undergraduates with financial need,
and is awarded by the school. The SEOG does not have to be paid
back.
Stafford Loans: These are student loans offered by the Federal
Government. Starting in October 1992, there will be two
Stafford Loan programs -- one need-based program and another
non-need-based. Under the Stafford Loan program, students can
borrow money to attend school and the Federal Government will
guarantee the loan in case of default: Under the Stafford Loan
programs, the combined loan limits are $2625 for the first
year, $3500 for the second year, $5500 for the third or more
years. An undergraduate cannot borrow more than a total of
$23,000.
Transcript: This is a list of all the courses a student has
taken with the grades that the student earned in each course. A
college will often require a student to submit his or her high
school transcript when the student applies for admission to the
college.
Tuition: This is the amount of money that colleges charge for
classroom and other instruction and use of some facilities such
as libraries. Tuition can range from a few hundred dollars per
year to more than $18,000. A few colleges do not charge any
tuition.
U.S. Government Securities: See chad beginning on page 22.
U.S. Savings Bonds: See chad beginning on page 22.
Work-Study Programs: These programs are offered by many
colleges. They allow students to work pad time during the
school year as part of their financial aid package. The jobs
are usually on campus and the money earned is used to pay for
tuition or other college charges.

Where can I get more information on the topics discussed in
this handbook?

In this section you will find phone numbers, addresses,
and books that you can use to get more information about
planning for college both financially and academically. You
should be able to find most of these books and others like them
at your local library.
The following publications and organizations represent a
partial list of such sources of information. Their placement on
this list does not constitute an endorsement by the U.S.
Department of Education.

Books About Occupations and Careers

(1) The Occupational Outlook Handbook, 1992-93 Edition. U.S.
Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1992.
(2) Careers for the '90s: Everything You Need To Know to Find
the Right Career. Research and Education Association,
1991.
(3) The College Board Guide to Jobs and Career Planning, Joyce
Slayton Mitchell. The College Board, 1990.

Books About Choosing a College

(1) The College Handbook, 1992. The College Board, 1991.
(2) Peterson's Guide to Four-Year Colleges, 1993, Twenty-Third
Edition. Peterson's Guides, Inc., 1992.
(3) Barron's Profiles of American Colleges, Nineteenth
Edition. Barron's Educational Series, Inc., 1992.

Information About Taking Standardized Tests

(1) The Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) and the Achievement
Tests. Write or call:
The College Board/ATP
P.O. Box 6200
Princeton, NJ 08541
Phone: 609-771-7600
(2) The ACT. Write or call:
ACT Registration
P.O. Box 414
Iowa City, IA 52243
Phone: 319-337-1270
(3) The Preliminary Scholastic Aptitude Test/ National Merit
Scholarship Qualifying Test (PSAT/NMSQT). Write or call:
PSAT/NMSQT
P.O. Box 24700
Oakland, CA 94632-1700
Phone: 609-683-0449 or 510-653-5595

Books About Preparing for Standardized Tests

(1) Barron's How To Prepare for the Preliminary Scholastic
Aptitude Test/National Merit Scholarship Qualifying Test,
Seventh Edition, Samuel Brownstein, Mitchel Weiner, and
Sharon Welner Green. Barron's Educational Series, Inc.,
1989.
(2) Barron's How to Prepare for the Scholastic Aptitude Test,
Sixteenth Edition, Samuel C. Brownstein, Mitchel Welner,
and Sharon Welner Green. Barron's Educational Series,
Inc., 1991.
(3) Cracking the The SAT and the PSAT, 1993 Edition, Adam
Robinson and John Katzman. The Princeton Review, 1992.

Books About Financing Your Child's Education

(1) How To Pay For Your Children's College Education, Gerald
Krefetz. The College Board, 1988.
(2) Meeting College Costs. The College Board, 1991. (booklet)
(3) College Financial Aid, Fourth Edition. College Research
Group of Concord, Massachusetts, and John Schwartz. Arco
Publishing, a Division of Simon and Schuster, Inc., 1991.

Information About U.S. Savings Bonds

Write to:
Office of Public Affairs
U.S. Savings Bonds Division
Washington, DC 20226

Information About Federal Student Financial Aid

Request The Student Guide by writing to:
Federal Student Aid Information Center
P.O. Box 84
Washington, DC 20044
Call the Federal Student Financial Aid Information Center
toll-free at 1-800-4FED-AID.

Books About Private Sources of Financial Aid

(1) Foundation Grants to Individuals, Seventh Edition. The
Foundation Center, 1991.
(2) The A's and B's Of Academic Scholarships, Deborah L.
Klein, Editor. Octameron Associates, 1992.
(3) The Scholarship Book, Third Edition, Daniel J. Cassidy and
Michael J. Alves. Prentice Hall, Inc., 1990.

Information About Opportunities in Each State

For Information about State financial aid and colleges and
universities in specific States, contact the agencies listed
below. They can provide you with other contacts in the State
for more information.

ALABAMA
Executive Director
Commission on Higher Education
One Court Square, #221
Montgomery, Alabama 36197-3584
(205) 269-2700
FAX: 240-3349

ALASKA
Executive Director
Alaska Postsecondary Education Commission
P.O. Box 110505
Juneau, Alaska 99811-0505
(907) 465-2962
FAX: 586-4002
President
University of Alaska System
202 Butrovich Building
Fairbanks, Alaska 99775-5560
(907) 474-7311
FAX: 474-7570

ARIZONA
Executive Director
Arizona Board of Regents
2020 North Central, Suite 230
Phoenix, Arizona 85012
(602) 229-2500
FAX: 229-2555

ARKANSAS
Director
Department of Higher Education
114 East Capitol
Little Rock, Arkansas 72201
(501) 324-9300
FAX: 324-9308

CALIFORNIA
Executive Director
California Postsecondary Education Commission
1303 J Street, 5th Floor
Sacramento, California 95814-2983
(916) 445-1000
FAX: 327-4417
California Student Aid Commission
1515 "S" Street
North Building, Suite 500
P.O. Box 510845
Sacramento, California 94245-0845
(916) 445-0880

COLORADO
Executive Director
Commission on Higher Education
1300 Broadway, 2nd Floor
Denver, Colorado 80203
(303) 866-4034
FAX: 860-9750

CONNECTICUT
Commissioner of Higher Education
Department of Higher Education
61 Woodland Street
Hartford, Connecticut 06105
(203) 566-5766
FAX: 566-7865

DELAWARE
Executive Director
Delaware Higher Education Commission
820 French Street
Wilmington, Delaware 19801
(302) 577-3240
FAX: 577-3862

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Chief
Office of Postsecondary Education Research and Assistance
2100 M. L. King Jr. Avenue, #401
Washington, D.C. 20020
(202) 727-3685

FLORIDA
Executive Director
Postsecondary Education Planning Commission
Florida Education Center
Collins Building
Tallahassee, Florida 32399
(904) 488-7894
FAX: 922-5388
Office of Student Financial Assistance
Florida Department of Education
Florida Education Center, Suite 1344
Tallahassee, Florida 32399-0400
(904) 488-1034

GEORGIA
Chancellor
Board of Regents
University System of Georgia
244 Washington Street, S.W.
Atlanta, Georgia 30334
(404) 656-22O4
FAX: 651-9301
Georgia Student Finance Commission
2082 East Exchange Place, Suite 200
Tucker, Georgia 30084
(404) 493-5402

HAWAII
President
University of Hawaii System
2444 Dole Street
Honolulu, Hawaii 96822
(808) 956-8213
Hawaii State Postsecondary Education Commission
2444 Dole Street
Honolulu, Hawaii 96822
(808) 956-8213

IDAHO
Executive Director for Higher Education
State Board of Education
650 West State Street, #307
Boise, Idaho 83720
(208) 334-2270
FAX: 334-2632

ILLINOIS
Executive Director
Board of Higher Education
500 Relsch Building
4 West Old Capital Square
Springfield, Illinois 62701
(217) 782-2551
FAX: 782-8548
Illinois Student Assistance Commission
Executive Offices
500 West Monroe Street, Third Floor
Springfield, Illinois 62704
(217) 782-6767

INDIANA
Commissioner for Higher Education
Commission for Higher Education
101 West Ohio Street, Suite 550
Indianapolis, Indiana 46204-1909
(317) 232-1900
FAX: 232-1899
State Student Assistance Commission of Indiana
964 North Pennsylvania Street
Indianapolis, Indiana 46204
(317) 232-2350

IOWA
Executive Director
State Board of Regents
Old State Historical Building
East 12th & Grand
Des Moines, Iowa 50319
(515) 281-3934
FAX: 281-6420
Iowa College Student Aid Commission
201 Jeweft Building
914 Grand Avenue
Des Moines, Iowa 50309
(515) 281-3501

KANSAS
Executive Director
Kansas Board of Regents
400 SW 8th Street, #609
Topeka, Kansas 66603
(913) 296-3421
FAX: 296-0983

KENTUCKY
Executive Director
Council on Higher Education
W. Frankfort Office Complex
1050 U.S. 127 South
Frankfort, Kentucky 40601
(502) 564-3553
FAX: 564-2063
Kentucky Higher Education Assistance Authority
1050 U.S. 127 South, Suite 102
Frankfort, Kentucky 40601
(502) 564-7990

LOUISIANA
Commissioner
Board of Regents
150 Riverside Mall, Suite 129
Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70801-1303
(504) 342-4253
FAX: 342-9318
Office of Student Financial Assistance, Louisiana Student
Financial Assistance Commission
P.O. Box 91202
Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70821-9202
(504) 922-1011

MAINE
Chancellor
University of Maine System
107 Maine Avenue
Bangor, Maine 04401-1805
(207) 947-0336
FAX: 947-0336 x293
Financial Authority of Maine,
Maine Education Assistance Division
One Weston Court
State House, Station 119
Augusta, Maine 04333
(207) 289-2183

MARYLAND
Secretary of Higher Education
Maryland Higher Education Commission
16 Francis Street
Annapolis, Maryland 21401
(410) 974-2971
FAX: 974-5376

MASSACHUSETTS
Chancellor
Higher Education Coordinating Council
1 Ashburton Place, Room 1401
Boston, Massachusetts 02108-1530
(617) 727-7785
FAX: 727-6397
Massachusetts State Scholarship Office
330 Stuart Street
Boston, Massachusetts 02 116
(617) 727-9420

MICHIGAN
Associate Superintendent for Postsecondary Education
State Department of Education
P.O. Box 30008
Lansing, Michigan 48909
(517) 335-4933
FAX: 335-4565
Michigan Higher Education Assistance Authority
P.O. Box 30008
Lansing, Michigan 48909
(517) 373-3394

MINNESOTA
Executive Director
Higher Education Coordinating Board
550 Cedar Street, #400
St. Paul, Minnesota 55101
(612) 296-9665
FAX: 296-3272

MISSISSIPPI
Commissioner
Board of Trustees of State Institutions of Higher Learning
3825 Ridgewood Road
Jackson, Mississippi 39211
(601) 982-6611
FAX: 987-4172

MISSOURI
Commissioner of Higher Education
Coordinating Board for Higher Education
101 Adams Street
Jefferson City, Missouri 65101
(314) 751-2361
FAX: 751-6635

MONTANA
Commissioner of Higher Education
Montana University System
33 South Last Chance Gulch
Helena, Montana 59620
(406) 444-6570
FAX: 444-7729

NEBRASKA
Executive Director
Coordinating Commission for Postsecondary Education
6th Floor, State Capitol
P.O. Box 95005
Lincoln, Nebraska 68509
(402) 471-2847
FAX: 471-2886

NEVADA
Chancellor
University of Nevada System
2601 Enterprise Road
Reno, Nevada 89512
(702) 784-4901
FAX: 784-1127
Nevada Department of Education
400 West King Street, Capitol Complex
Carson City, Nevada 89710
(702) 687-5915

NEW HAMPSHIRE
Executive Director
New Hampshire Postsecondary Education Commission
Two Industrial Park Drive
Concord, New Hampshire 03301-8512
(603) 271-2555
Chancellor
University System of New Hampshire
Dunlap Center
Durham, New Hampshire 03824-3563
(603) 868-1800
FAX: 868-2756

NEW JERSEY
New Jersey Department of Higher Education Office of Student
Assistance and Information Systems
4 Quakerbridge Plaza, CN 540
Trenton, New Jersey 08625
1-800-792-8670

NEW MEXICO
Executive Director
Commission on Higher Education
1068 Cerrillos Road
Santa Fe, New Mexico 87501-4295
(505) 827-7383
FAX: 827-7392

NEW YORK
Commissioner for Higher and Continuing Education
Room 5B28 Cultural Education Center
New York State Education Department
Albany, New York 12230
(518) 474-5851
FAX: 486-2175
The New York State Higher Education Services Corporation
99 Washington Ave.
Albany, New York 12255
(518) 473-0431

NORTH CAROLINA
Vice President for Planning
University of North Carolina
General Administration
P.O. Box 2688
Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27515-2688
(919) 962-6981
FAX: 962-0488
North Carolina State Education Assistance Authority (NCSEAA)
P.O. Box 2688
Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27515-2688
(919) 549-8614
College Foundation, Inc.
2100 Yonkers Road
Raleigh, North Carolina 27604
(919) 821-4771

NORTH DAKOTA
Chancellor
North Dakota University System
State Capitol Building
Bismarck, North Dakota 58505
(701) 224-2960
FAX: 224-2961

OHIO
Chancellor
Ohio Board of Regents
30 East Broad Street, 36th Floor
Columbus, Ohio 4326-0417
(614) 466-0887
FAX: 466-5866

OKLAHOMA
Chancellor
State Regents for Higher Education
500 Education Building
State Capitol Complex
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73105
(405) 524-9100
FAX: 524-9235

OREGON
Chancellor
State System of Higher Education
P.O. Box 3175
Eugene, Oregon 97403-1075
(503) 346-5700
FAX: 346-5764
Oregon State Scholarship Commission
1445 Willamette Street
Eugene, Oregon 97401
(503) 346-4166

PENNSYLVANIA
Commissioner for Higher Education
State Department of Education
333 Market Street
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 17126
(717) 787-5041
FAX: 783-5420
Pennsylvania Higher Education Assistance Agency
660 Boas Street
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 17102
(717) 257-2500

PUERTO RICO
Executive Director
Council on Higher Education
Box 23305, UPR Station
San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931
(809) 758-3350
FAX: 763-6760

RHODE ISLAND
Commissioner of Higher Education
Office of Higher Education
301 Promenade Street
Providence, Rhode Island 02908
(401) 277-6560
FAX: 277-6111
Rhode Island Higher Education Assistance Authority
560 Jefferson Boulevard
Warwick, Rhode Island 02886
(401) 277-2050

SOUTH CAROLINA
Commissioner
Commission on Higher Education
1333 Main Street, Suite 300
Columbia, South Carolina 29201
(803) 253-6260
FAX: 253-6267
South Carolina Higher Education Tuition Grants Commission
1310 Lady Street
P.O. Box 12159
Columbia, South Carolina 29211
(803) 734-1200

SOUTH DAKOTA
Executive Director
Board of Regents
207 East Capitol Avenue
Pierre, South Dakota 57501-3159
(605) 773-3455
FAX: 773-5320
Department of Education and Cultural Affairs, Office of the
Secretary
700 Governors Drive
Pierre, South Dakota 57501-2291
(605) 773-3134

TENNESSEE
Executive Director
Tennessee Higher Education Commission
404 James Robertson Parkway
Parkway Towers, Suite 1900
Nashville, Tennessee 37219-5380
(615) 741-7562
FAX: 741-6230
Tennessee Student Assistance Corporation
Parkway Towers, Suite 1950
404 James Robertson Parkway
Nashville, Tennessee 37243-0820
(615) 741-1346

TEXAS
Commissioner
Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board
P.O. Box 12788, Capitol Station
Austin, Texas 78711
(512) 483-6101
FAX: 483-6127
Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board
P.O. Box 12788, Capitol Station
Austin, Texas 78711
(512) 483-6340

UTAH
Commissioner of Higher Education
Utah System of Higher Education
355 West North Temple
3 Triad Center, Suite 550
Salt Lake City, Utah 84181-1205
(801) 538-5247
FAX: 521-6930

VERMONT
Vermont Student Assistance Corporation
P.O. Box 2000, Champlain Mill
Winooski, Vermont 05404-2601
(802) 655-9602
Chancellor
Vermont State Colleges
P.O. Box 359
Waterbury, Vermont 05676
(802) 241-2520
FAX: 244-1746
President
University of Vermont
85 South Prospect Street
Burlington, Vermont 05401
(802) 656-3186
FAX: 656-8432

VIRGINIA
Director
State Council of Higher Education
101 North 14th Street
Richmond, Virginia 23219
(804) 225-2600
FAX: 225-2604

WASHINGTON
Executive Director
Higher Education Coordinating Board
917 Lakeridge Way, GV-11
Olympia, Washington 98504
(206) 753-3241
FAX: 753-1784


WEST VIRGINIA
Chancellor
State College System of West Virginia
1018 Kanawha Boulevard, East, Suite 700
Charleston, West Virginia 25301
(304) 348-0699
FAX: 348-0259
Chancellor
University of West Virginia System
1018 Kanawha Boulevard, East, Suite 700
Charleston, West Virginia 25301
(304) 558-2736
FAX: 558-3264

WISCONSIN
Higher Educational Aids Board
P.O. Box 7885
Madison, Wisconsin 53707
(608) 267-2206
President
University of Wisconsin System
1700 Van Hise Hall
1220 Linden Drive
Madison, Wisconsin 53706
(608) 262-2321
FAX: 263-2046

WYOMING
The Community College Commission
122 West 25th Street
Herschler Building, 2W
Cheyenne, WY 82002
(307) 777-7763
President
University of Wyoming
Box 3434
University Station
Laramie, WY 82071
(307) 766-4121

This handbook was written by Elizabeth Eisner and
Valentina K. Tikoff, under the direction of Alan Ginsburg,
Bruno V. Manno, and Maureen A. McLaughlin. Barbara Gleason,
Daniel Goldenberg, David Goodwin, Dan Morrissey, Susan W. Wolf,
and Steven W. Zwillinger also contributed to the project.

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